Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the outlet from the stomach to the small intestine (called the pylorus) that occurs in infants.
Alternative Names
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; Gastric outlet obstruction
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
In infants, this condition is caused by a thickening of the muscles of the pylorus, which stops the stomach from emptying into the small intestine. The cause of the thickening is unknown, although genetic factors may play a role. It occurs more commonly in males than in females. Approximately 1 out of 4,000 infants is affected. Symptoms appear several weeks after birth.
Signs and tests
Physical examination may show signs of dehydration . The infant may have a distended abdomen . Palpation of the abdomen reveals an olive-shaped mass (the pylorus).
A chemistry panel often reveals electrolyte imbalances .
A barium X-ray reveals a distended stomach and narrowed pylorus.
An ultrasound of abdomen may also be performed.
Treatment
A surgical procedure to split the over-developed muscles of the pylorus is the treatment for this disorder. Rehydration with intravenous fluids usually takes place prior to surgery. Small, frequent feedings are usually well tolerated several hours after the surgery.
Expectations (prognosis)
The complete relief of symptoms occurs after adequate surgical repair.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if symptoms of pyloric stenosis develop in your infant.